Multiple
Intelligences
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Standard Intelligence
vs.
Multiple Intelligences
 Theories
about g, or general intelligence, have been discussed since the early 20th
century. Psychologist Charles Spearman defined general intelligence in
1904 as the kind of intelligence that is used to an extent in all intellectual
tasks. |
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This type of general intelligence is supposedly what is measured by standardized
tests, such as IQ tests and the SATs. In recent years, however, the validity
of these types of standardized tests have been challenged on the basis
that they do not cater to all types of people – people of different races,
ethnicities, and classes especially. Rather, they seem to be greatly based
on exposure and knowledge of ideas taught in formal schools. |
| Howard
Gardner challenges this notion of “standard” or general intelligence in
his Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Much like the Nobel Prize is awarded
in different categories, MI recognizes that intelligence may be grounded
in specific areas. Gardner defines intelligence as the “ability to solve
problems or fashion products that are of consequence in a particular setting
or community.” |
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key concept to understanding MI theory is relinquishing the notion that
there is one mental ability, or standard intelligence. The different varieties
of intelligences as defined by Gardner explain the range of talents, understanding,
and knowledge found in dancers, doctors, conservationists, and poets. |
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